The team adjusts the depth to 30cm. Submerge! Submerge! Submerge! Explore the science behind acid-base reactions and buoyancy as you frolic in the tub with your very own submarine! Complete instructions are provided.

How It Operates: By filling your submarine with fuel and placing it in the water, you initiate a chemical reaction. The fuel is a blend of bicarbonate of soda (a base, NaHCO3) and citric acid (an acid, C6H8O7), which, when in contact with water, reacts to produce sodium citrate (Na3C6H5O7), water, and bubbles of carbon dioxide gas (CO2).

The carbon dioxide bubbles are lighter than water, causing the submarine to float! It's important to note that sodium citrate is not hazardous or irritating, so feel free to enjoy bath time with your submarine. Just exercise caution to avoid skin or eye contact with the fuel powder.

Recommended ages 8